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   2018| September-December  | Volume 5 | Issue 3  
    Online since December 24, 2018

 
 
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Catheterization-associated urinary tract infections: Epidemiology and incidence from tertiary care hospital in Haryana
Raminder Sandhu, Pallavi Sayal, Ruchi Jakkhar, Gaurav Sharma
September-December 2018, 5(3):135-141
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_19_18  
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) attributed to the use of an indwelling catheter is one of the most common infections acquired by patients in health-care facilities. This infection is associated with varied microbiological etiology. This along with existing underlying condition increases hospitalization, medication, morbidity, and also adds to the financial burden. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to provide a baseline information in the context of incidence of catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI), to identify the associated microbial, and to determine their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antimicrobial agents for prophylactic and empiric therapy in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done on nonrepetitive urine samples from catheterized patients. Semi-quantitative bacterial culture was performed, and isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by disc diffusion technique using Mueller-Hinton Agar as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Results: Significant bacteriuria was observed among 17/161 (10.55%) urine samples. Among bacterial isolates, Gram-negative bacilli predominates. Escherichia coli 7/17 (41.17%) being the most common isolate. The incidence of UTI/1000 catheter days and urinary catheter utilization ratio observed in our study was 4.41 and 18.05, 0.673 and 0.066 for intensive care unit and wards, respectively. Conclusion: Burden of CAUTIs is vast with regards to incidence, patient outcomes, cost, reimbursement, and suffering. Our study underscores the pressing need for the development of antimicrobial urinary catheters and also we strove to minimize the effect of exogenous factors on the incidences of CAUTI and regarding the development of protocols and checklists on the insertion and management of indwelling urinary catheters based on the UTI prevention guideline.
  11,455 846 5
REVIEW ARTICLES
Obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth
Iza Donna Ramos Togbo
September-December 2018, 5(3):111-116
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_27_18  
Obesity is a public health dilemma worldwide. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing tremendously in the world. Overweight children and youth are probable to develop diseases in the later years. This study described the obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth. The study also determined the association of these factors to children and youth weight status. This narrative review obtained thirty-four pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2018. The data were extracted from Google Scholar, EBSCO, and PubMed. Numerous reviewed articles identified obesogenic factors influencing overweight among Asian children and youth as follows: familial factors, food retail environment, Westernization, food advertisement, and unhealthy food choices in school. Familial factors comprise parenting style and socioeconomic status. Food retail environment results were gathered from Thailand, China, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and Korea. The effect of Westernization was seen in four cities of India and China. Influences of food advertisement were studied in Korea, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia. Unhealthy food choices in school were evident in South Asia, China, India, and Malaysia. These five factors are considered and an appropriate health program must be established to address this health problem.
  10,606 1,014 2
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Epidemiology of violence against medical practitioners in a developing country (2006-2017)
Rajesh Ranjan, Meenakshi, Mitasha Singh, Ranabir Pal, Jayanta K Das, Sanjay Gupta
September-December 2018, 5(3):153-160
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_84_17  
Aim: Incidents of vandalism on doctors is increasing by alarming rate. It has been observed in all types of government and private set ups. This trend is observed pan India as well as globally. Methods: A descriptive analysis of reported data on vandalism on doctors from the Google search engine, all national and local news websites of the last 11 years from January 2006 to May 2017. Results: The number of cases reported was counted yearly which showed a remarkable increase in crime against doctors. Majority of the cases have been reported in media from Delhi and Maharashtra in the last 11 years. Out of 100 cases reported majority were witnessed in 2015 and 2016 (17 each) and followed by 2017 (14). Majority of the males suffered grievous injury (52.1%); this distribution was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The night shift contributed higher proportion of grievous injuries (52.9%) (P = 0.003). Conclusion: The source of this intolerance toward health-care providers stems from unlimited expectation (magic cure) from doctors on the one hand and unjustified expectation and limited health education of patients and their caregivers (attendants and bystanders) led them to believe that medical science has a curative solution for all the health problems even in the resource-rich settings.
  9,189 690 10
Accuracy of fetal foot length measurement in estimation of gestational age and fetal weight in the third trimester of pregnancy
Mohamed Ebraheem, Bushra Abdel Malik, Qurashi M Ali, Moawia Gameraddin, Awadia Gareeballah
September-December 2018, 5(3):142-146
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_23_18  
Background: Fetal foot length (FFL) is a biometric parameter that has been established for estimating the gestational age (GA). Accurate knowledge of fetal weight (FW) and GA assist Clinicians in the evaluation of fetal growth and predict neonatal outcomes. Aims: This study aims to predict the estimated FW and GA using the FFL in 26–40 weeks' gestation on antenatal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, we investigated the fetal measurements of FFL, femoral length (FL), and estimated FW in 100 pregnant women at 26–16 weeks' gestation who attended routine antenatal care. The fetal measurements were examined about the foot length. Results: The foot length was not a significance parameter to determine fetal gender (P = 0.6). There was no correlation of FFL with maternal socioeconomic status, parity, fetal gender, and maternal body mass index, P = 0.26, 0.84, 0.67, and 0.26, respectively. The FFL, FL, and estimated FW were strongly and linearly correlated with GA. The combination of FL, foot length, and estimated FW provide an accurate estimation of GA with minimum (standard error [SE] = 1.75). The combination of FL and foot length provide an accurate prediction of FW with SE of 320.52. The foot length and FL revealed similar values of SEs in estimated FW (R2 = 0.85) for each. Conclusions: The FFL is linearly correlated with GA, FW, and FL. It is an accurate parameter to assess the GA and reliable for predicting the estimated FW. This is useful for assessing fetal growth and skeletal dysplasia.
  9,133 488 1
REVIEW ARTICLES
Emerging and current trend in the investigation of obesity in clinical practice
Olumuyiwa John Fasipe, Peter Ehizokhale Akhideno, Alex Adedotun Adelosoye, Patrick Olanrewaju Osho, Oluwatosin Beatrice Ibiyemi-Fasipe, Evelyn Salewa Osho
September-December 2018, 5(3):117-127
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_15_18  
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it could produce a negative adverse health effect. The various emerging and current investigational methods or techniques for the analysis and determination of total body fat composition and body fat percentage are the theoretical gold standard method of underwater weighing which has its foundation on Archimedes' principle, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), Whole-body Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP), Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), Near Infrared interactance (NIR), Body Average Density (BAD) Measurement, Ultrasound Sonography Technique (UST) and Anthropometric Measurements (AM) such as triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), Mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Stature ratio (WSR or WHtR), Waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) and/or Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI). We the authors of this research work currently propose and recommend the Obesity Determinant Indices (ODI) as novel anthropometric measurements that will serve as a more reliable predictor and accurate indicator of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including body fat redistribution, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients. Furthermore, We also jointly propose and recommend the diagnostic and interventional criteria for obesity treatment which are the First Criteria (Criteria-I) and Second Criteria (Criteria-II). These criteria take into consideration the presence of an individual body mass index (BMI), presence of at least one waist circumference (WC) dependent parameters (such as WC or WHR or WHtR or WTR or any of the ODI) that fall into the obesity reference range, and/or presence of at least one obesity-related comorbid conditions/risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, heart failure, ischemic heart diseases, sleep apnea, depression disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or any other obesity-associated neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, initiation of appropriate treatment in the form of High-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions alone or a combination of pharmacotherapy with Low-to-Moderate-Intensity Lifestyle Interventions should be commenced for any patient that meet these stipulated criteria guidelines.
  5,658 403 1
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Application of proportional odds model in identifying contributing factor of under-five child malnutrition in Bangladesh: A case study in Tangail district
Gowranga Kumar Paul, Mossamet Kamrun Nesa, Somaresh Kumar Mondal, Sifat Ar Salan, Faijun Nahar Mim
September-December 2018, 5(3):128-134
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_38_18  
Background: Children malnutrition is one of the major public health-related concerns in all over the world, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several socioeconomic and demographic factors are responsible for this situation. Aims: The purpose of this research was to identify the contributing factors of malnutrition in Tangail district using primary data collected from rural Tangail. Materials and Methods: The sample was collected using the cluster sampling techniques. Villages were considered as a cluster, and the sample from cluster are selected using probability proportional to size method. In our study, we have categorized the child nutritional status as, “severely malnourished,” “moderately malnourished,” and “nourished” based on Weight-for-age z-score. Bivariate analysis was conducted by examining the gamma measurement for ordinal variables and to check the association between child nutrition status and selected individual variables; we have used the contingency table and Chi-square test. Statistical Analysis: Both univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis was conducted to meet the objectives of the study. The proportional odds model was selected to understand the stable effects of covariates influencing the child malnutrition. Results: Bivariate analysis shows significant (P < 0.01) associations for almost all of the selected covariates and the multivariate analysis describes the relationship between education and occupation, mother's (body mass index were found highly statistically significant (P < 0.01) and for child malnutrition. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest the necessity of improving the mother's education level, nutritional status, and the job facilities for women to achieve the optimum nutrition for children under 5 years of age.
  5,312 414 -
CASE REPORT
Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: A case of rare malignancy
Preeti Rihal Chakrabarti, Sudipta Bera, Satyadev Rana
September-December 2018, 5(3):161-164
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_29_18  
Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is an extremely uncommon tumor of female genital tract origin with the incidence of 0.1%–1.8% of all genital malignancies. Due to its nonspecific symptomatology and rarity of this neoplasm, correct preoperative diagnosis is made only in 4% of the cases and is usually first recognized by pathologist. Our case was a 39-year-old patient who presented with intermittent vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and pelvic mass. On physical examination, lower abdominal tenderness was found. Ultrasound examination revealed bilateral hydrosalpinx. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed features of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the left fallopian tube. The patient was referred to oncologist for chemotherapy. Six months following initial surgery, the patient is in good condition. This case is being reported due to the scarcity of data published from the Indian population and rarity of this neoplasm.
  4,112 292 -
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Biofilm formation by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from surveillance cultures in Intensive Care Unit patients: A significant problem
Ekadashi Rajni, Vikas Rajpurohit, Praveen Kumar Rathore, Deep Shikhar, PK Khatri
September-December 2018, 5(3):147-152
DOI:10.4103/jhrr.jhrr_26_18  
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a serious global public health threat. Antibiotic overuse, improper sanitation and unhygienic practices lead to large scale carriage and rapid spread. Biofilm formation by these strains can lead to far reaching consequences. Material and Method: This is a prospective hospital based study planned for a period of 3 months including all patients admitted to 14 bedded Trauma ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan. Rectal swabs were collected from admitted patients and carriage of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae looked for as per CDC guidelines. Screening of the Enterobacteriaceae colonies for carbapenemase production was done by Modified Hodge test. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were also tested for Metallobetalactamase production by phenotypic disc confirmatory test. Biofilm formation testing was done by Tissue culture plate method. Results: A total of 73 patients were screened and 27 CRE isolates were obtained, carriage rate being 37%. A high level of resistance was seen to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. 100% sensitivity was however seen to Colistin, Tigecycline and Fosfomycin. 5 out of 27 strains showed a positive MHT test. Metallo beta lactamase (MBL) production was seen in 21/25 strains as tested by meropenem and meropenem-edta discs. Of the 27 CRE isolates tested for biofilm production, 13 (48.15%) were found positive. Conclusion: The current study finds out the prevalence of CRE carriage and the biofilm forming potential of these strains among critically ill patients and stresses upon urgent need for stringent infection control measures.
  3,729 302 1